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1.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 36(4): 247-253, dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388121

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La FPI es la neumonía intersticial idiopática más común, con cifras de incidencia y prevalencia que varían en el mundo por la poco uniforme manera de recolectar casos en los diferentes estudios. No hay cifras publicadas sobre la epidemiología de la FPI en Chile ni Latinoamérica. Se hace relevante conocerlas por la carga sanitaria que representan los pacientes con FPI y por la aprobación reciente de drogas antifibróticas de alto costo. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un registro de pacientes con FPI atendidos por neumólogos chilenos de diversos regiones del país, con los medios diagnósticos que habitualmente utilizan en la vida real. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó una encuesta electrónica en línea diseñada por el grupo de enfermedades pulmonares difusas del Instituto Nacional del Tórax para registro de pacientes con diagnóstico de FPI según criterios ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT desde junio de 2015 a junio de 2017. RESULTADOS: 40 de los 200 neumólogos invitados enviaron casos de FPI de las 13 regiones del país, completando un total de 700 pacientes. 2/3 eran casos antiguos, un número similar de hombres y mujeres, 73% tienen patrón definitivo de UIP (Usual Interstitial Pneumonia) en tomografía axial computarizada, la mayoría eran pacientes sobre 60 años y en solo 16% se solicitó biopsia para diagnóstico. CONCLUSIONES: Un registro de 700 casos representa un número muy importante de pacientes con FPI en Chile que nos permite acercarnos a la caracterización de la cohorte y a fortalecer una red de especialistas dedicados al cuidado de estos pacientes y sus familias.


INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, with incidence and prevalence figures varying worldwide because of the inconsistent way of collecting cases in different studies. There are no published figures on the epidemiology of IPF in Chile or Latin America. It is relevant to know them because of the health burden of patients with IPF and the recent approval for treatment purposes of high cost antifibrotic drugs. The objective of this study was to develop a clinical registry of patients with IPF treated by Chilean pulmonologists from different regions of the country, using the diagnostic means they usually use in real life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An online electronic survey was designed by the group of diffuse pulmonary diseases of the "Instituto Nacional del Tórax" to register patients with diagnosis of IPF from June 2015 to June 2017 according to ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT criteria. RESULTS: 40 of the 200 invited pulmonologists sent IPF cases from the country's 13 regions, completing a total of 700 patients. 2/3 were old cases, a similar number of men and women, 73% had definitive UIP pattern in CT, the majority were patients over 60 years old and in only 16% biopsy was requested for diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A register of 700 cases represents a very important number of patients with IPF in Chile that allows us to approach the characterization of the cohort and to strengthen a network of specialists dedicated to the care of these patients and their families.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/epidemiology , Biopsy , Chile/epidemiology , Registries , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age and Sex Distribution , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 26(3): 212-219, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-518456

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a severe complication occurring mostly in haemato-oncological (H-O) patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) receptors. Our aim was to describe the IFD occurring in our H-O and HSCT patients according to the EORTC/MSG revised criteria. Patients and Methods: IFD surveillance was performed in adult patients of the Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile, from January 2004 to January 2008. Results: A total of 41 IFD episodes were identified in 39 patients; mean age was 46.6 ± 9.9 years, and 87.8 percent and 12.2 percent occurred in H-O and HCTS patients respectively. 15/41(36.6 percent) episodes were proven, 36.6 percent probable and 11/41 (26.8 percent) possible. In 26 (63.4 percent) episodes aspergillosis was diagnosed (20 pulmonary, 3 sinus, 1 laryngeal and 1 case with pulmonary and cerebral involvement). In 7 patients (17.1 percent) candidiasis was diagnosed, 5 with a proven bloodstream infection and 2 with possible hepatosplenic candidiasis; mucormyeosis was diagnosed in 4 (9.8 percent) Fusarium infection was demonstrated in 2 patients (4.9 percent), and Mucor and Aspergillus pulmonary coinfection and Alternaría sp rhino-sinusitis in one patient each. The frequency of IFD among febrile neutropenic patients was 26.2 percent and 6.4 percent in H-O and HSCT receptors respectively. The overall mortality was 36 percent. Conclusions: Aspergillosis is the most common IFD infection among H-O patients and HSCT receptors in our center. Candidiasis followed although only in H-O patients most probably because of routine use of antifungal prophylaxis in HSCT recipients. Continuous surveillance is required to develop local guidelines and to evaluate antifungal strategies in different clinical scenarios.


Introducción: La enfermedad fúngica invasora (EFI) es una complicación grave en pacientes hemato-oncológicos (H-O) y receptores de trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos (TPH). Objetivo: Describir las EFI diagnosticadas en pacientes adultos H-O y receptores de TPH de nuestro centro, bajo los criterios diagnósticos revisados de EORTC/MSG. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio de vigilancia de EFI en pacientes adultos del Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile entre enero 2004 y enero 2008. Resultados: Se identificaron 41 episodios de EFI, correspondientes a 39 pacientes: 46,6 ± 9,9 años, 87,8 por ciento H-Oy 12,2 por ciento TPH. Se documentaron 15/41 (36,6 por ciento) EFI demostrada, 36,6 por ciento probable y 11/41 (26,8 por ciento) posible. En 26/41 (63,4 por cientoo) se diagnosticó aspergilosis (20 pulmonar, 3 rinosinusal, 1 laríngeo y un caso cerebral-pulmonar). En 7/41 (17,1 por ciento) se diagnosticó candidiasis, 5 candidemias y 2 candidiasis hepato-esplénica posibles; 4/41 (9,8 por cientoo) correspondió a mucormicosis demostrada (2 rinosinusal, 1 oral y 1 pulmonar); en 2/41 (4,9 por cientoo) fusariosis; 1/41(2,4 por ciento)) coinfección pulmonar por mucoral y Aspergillus sp y 1 caso de rinosinusitis por Alternaría sp. La frecuencia de EFI entre pacientes H-O con neutropenia febril fue 26,2 por ciento) y 6,4 por ciento) en los receptores de TPH. La mortalidad global fue de 36 por ciento). Conclusiones: Aspergilosis es la EFI más frecuente en H-O y receptores de TPH de nuestro centro. Candidiasis es la segunda EFI en frecuencia; sin embargo, no se documentó entre los pacientes receptores de TPH, lo que puede relacionarse al uso de antifúngicos profilácticos en este grupo. Es necesaria la vigilancia continua para desarrollar guías clínicas locales y evaluar estrategias de uso de antifúngicos en distintos escenarios clínicos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Leukemia/therapy , Lymphoma/therapy , Mycoses/microbiology , Immunocompromised Host , Mycoses/diagnosis
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(5): 641-648, mayo 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-521866

ABSTRACT

Background: Some infections share common modes of transmission with HIV and have the potential to change the course of the latter. Aim: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis C virus (HCV), Treponema palladium and Toxoplasmosis gondii co-infections in HIV-1 infected patients followed at a university hospital. Material and methods: Clinical records of HIV-positive individuals were reviewed. The analysis included: demographical data, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), IgM and IgG anti-HBc, antibodies, anti-HCV antibodies, RPR or VDRL test and IgG anti Tgondii antibodies. Results: Three hundred ninety five patients (aged 16 to 89years, 359 males) were included in the review. Seventy nine percent had been tested for HBV status with HBsAg, and the global HIV-HBV co-infection prevalence was 6.1 percent. A subgroup of190 individuals were tested for HBV infection with HBsAg and IgM/IgG anti-HBc markers. Of these, 46 percent fulfilled co-infection criteria: eight with acute hepatitis B, 11 with chronic hepatitis B and 69 with inactive HBV infection. The frequency of HIV-HBV co-infection was 48 percent and 22 percent among men and women respectively (NS). HCV-HN co-infection was detected in 3 percent, syphilis-HIV co-infection in 21 percent and T gondii-HIV co-infection in 26 percent. Conclusions: In this cohort, HIV infection is accompanied by a high prevalence of other co-infections, particularly HBV among men.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Syphilis/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Chile/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Syphilis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Young Adult
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 26(2): 106-113, abr. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-518469

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The surveillance of febrile neutropenia (FN) episodes in every center allows adapt the antibiotic therapy guidelines to local epidemiology. Aim: To characterize clinical features and compare the FN etiology between hematological cáncer (HC) and solid organ cancer (SOC) in our center. Patients and Methods: Surveillance study in adult patients with FN admitted to Hospital Clinico Universidad Católica, in Santiago, Chile, from January 2004 to August 2007. Results: 154 FN episodes corresponding to 87 patients were included. Mean age: 47 ± 6 years-old; 71 percent had HC and 29 percent SOC. A clinical and/or microbiologically documented infection was recognized in 76 percent. Gastrointestinal 31.5 percent, upper respiratory 30.3 percent and lower respiratory 16.9 percent were the more frequent clinical focus. In 30.5 percent blood culture resulted positive: gram negative rods 51 percent, gram positive cocci 41 percent and yeasts 8 percent; being Escherichia coli 22 percent, S. coagulase negative (SCoN) 20 percent and Klebsiella pneumoniae 12 percent most frequent bacteria; 22.2 percent Enterobacteriaceae were ESBL producers and 55.6 percent 5CoN were methicillin resistant. In 18.3 percent of FN episodes the etiology was not established. Highest mortality was observed in episodes with microbiologically documented infection (14.5 percent vs 1.3 percent, p < 0.005). A clinical observed focus and positive blood cultures were more frequently obtamed among HC than SOC associated episodes: 37.3 percent vs 13.6 percent; (p < 0.01) and 67.2 percent vs 50 percent; (p = 0.045), respectively. Conclusions: The etiological profile of FN in our center and the necessity to continue the surveillance was described. Future studies are needed regarding risk factors of invasive infection that have worst prognosis.


Introducción: La vigilancia de la etiología de los episodios de neutropenia febril (NF) en cada centro permite adaptar guías de antibioterapia a la epidemiología local. Objetivo: Caracterizar y comparar la etiología de la NF en pacientes con cáncer hematológico (CH) y de órganos sólidos (COS). Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio de vigilancia de NF de pacientes adultos en el Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica, en Santiago, Chile, entre enero 2004 y agosto 2007. Resultados: 154 episodios de NF correspondientes a 87 pacientes: 47 ± 6 años; 71 por ciento CH y 29 por ciento COS. Se documentó infección clínica y/o microbiológicamente en 76 por cientoo. Más frecuente fueron: foco gastrointestinal 31,5 por ciento, respiratorio alto 30,3 por cientoo y respiratorio bajo 16,9 por cientoo. En 30,5 por cientoo hubo hemocultivos positivos: bacilos gramne-gativos en 51 por ciento, cocáceas grampositivas en 41 por ciento, levaduras en 8 por cientoo; predominando: Escherichia coli 22 por cientoo, Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (SCoN) 20 por cientoo y Klebsiella pneumoniae 12 por ciento; 22,2 por cientoo de las entero-bacterias eran productoras de (3-lactamasa de espectro expandido y 55,6 por cientoo >SCoN meticilina resistentes. En 18,3 por cientoo de los episodios no se identificó causa de fiebre. Hubo mayor mortalidad en episodios con documentación microbiológica (14,5 por ciento vs 1,3 por ciento, p < 0,005). En los pacientes con CH fue más frecuente obtener hemocultivos positivos (37,3 por cientoo vs 13,6 por ciento; p < 0,01) e identificar foco clínico (67,2 por ciento vs 50 por ciento; p = 0,045). Conclusiones: Se establece el perfil etiológico de las NF en nuestro centro y la necesidad de mantener vigilancia. En futuros estudios será necesario evaluar factores de riesgo de pacientes con infecciones invasores que tendrían peor pronóstico.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Candidiasis/complications , Fever/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/complications , Neoplasms/microbiology , Neutropenia/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Chile , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Fever/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Neoplasms/classification , Neoplasms/complications , Neutropenia/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Young Adult
5.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 21(1): 23-32, ene. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-453770

ABSTRACT

Background: There are a few studies examining the etiology of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile. Aim: To evaluate the etiology of CAP in hospitalized adults. Method: We prospectively studied 130 patients (mean age +/- SD: 68 +/- 18 y.o.; overall hospital mortality: 6.2 percent), over a 16 month period. Microbiological evaluation included blood and sputum cultures for bacteria; serology for C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci and M. pneumoniae; urine antigen for L. pneumophila; and nasopharyngeal swab for respiratory viruses. Results: Etiology was identified from 64 (49 percent) patients (two or more pathogens in 6). The most frequent microorganisms were S. pneumoniae (34 percent), Parainfluenza types 1 to 3 (22 percent), Influenza A or B (14 percent ), C. pneumoniae (6 percent), M. pneumoniae (6 percent), H. influenzae (5 percent) and S. marcescens (5 percent). Twenty-five of 27 (93 percent) respiratory viruses were identified in autumn or winter. Pneumococcal pneumonia patients (19) compared to those infected with respiratory virus (23) were younger (59 +/- 18 versus 72 +/- 17 y.o.; p = 0.021) and had less comorbidities (47 versus 87 percent; p = 0.0001). No patients with bacteremia (13 of 121: 11 percent) died. Conclusions: S. pneumoniae remains the most important pathogen to cover by initial antibiotic therapy; the second most frequent etiological agents were respiratory viruses followed by "atypical pathogens". Recommendations for the management of patients infected with these two last categories of agents should be included in future national guidelines.


Fundamento: Hay escasos estudios que examinen la etiología de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en población adulta chilena. Objetivo: Identificar la etiología de la NAC en adultos inmunocompetentes hospitalizados. Método: Estudiamos, prospectiva y consecutivamente durante 16 meses, a 130 pacientes (edad promedio +/ - DS: 68 +/ - 18 años; letalidad en el hospital: 6,2 por ciento). La evaluación microbiológica incluyó cultivo de expectoración y hemocultivos para bacterias; Financiamiento: Fondo de Investigación de la Sociedad Chilena de Enfermedades Respiratorias (2002) y fondo de la Dirección de Investigación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (DIPUC 2003/10E). Serología para C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci, M. pneumoniae; antígeno urinario para L. pneumophila e hisopado nasofaríngeo para virus respiratorios. Resultados: Se identificó la etiología en 64 (49 por ciento) pacientes (dos o más patógenos en 6). Los principales microorganismos fueron: S. pneumoniae (34 por ciento), virus Parainfluenza 1 a 3 (22 por ciento), virus Influenza A o B (14 por ciento), C. pneumoniae (6 por ciento), M. pneumoniae (6 por ciento), H. influenzae (5 por ciento) y S. marcescens (5 por ciento). El 93 por ciento (25/27) de los virus respiratorios se identificaron en otoño-invierno. Los pacientes con neumonía neumocócica (19) comparados con aquéllos infectados por virus respiratorios (23) eran más jóvenes (59 + /- 18 versus 72 +/ - 17 años; p = 0,021) y tenían menos comorbilidades (47 por ciento versus 87 por ciento; p = 0,0001). Ninguno de los 13 (11 por ciento) pacientes con bacteremia falleció en el hospital. Conclusiones: S. pneumoniae sigue siendo el principal patógeno a cubrir por el tratamiento antibiótico empírico; los virus respiratorios y los agentes atípicos fueron los que siguieron en frecuencia. Las futuras guías clínicas nacionales deberían incluir recomendaciones para el manejo de los pacientes infectados por estos dos últimos grupos de...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Pneumonia/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Chile/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Pneumonia/mortality , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Seasons , Viruses/isolation & purification
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